
Ch. 23: Limits
- Turing Test
- Can a computer think?
- Turing's answer: Can it respond well enough to fool an expert?
- Not yet.
- Game playing.
- Uses a tree of boards.
- Computer searches tree for the best result.
- Parallel computers makes the search faster.
- Historical study helps trim the explosion.
- Chess
- Kasparov beat Deep Blue in 1996.
- Improved Deep Blue won in 1997.
- An interesting essay
- Winning at chess = intelligence?
- The chess computer is very specialized.
- Chess is something computers are good at.
- The language skills of a normal 3-year-old are far beyond what
a computer can do.
- Is it the computer that's intelligent, or the engineers who built it?
- Are computers creative?
- Programs to create pictures.
- High-level rules + random number generation.
- Can creativity follow a pattern?
- Universality.
- All general-purpose computers can solve the same set of problems.
- Some cannot be solved: The halting problem.
- Generally believed that no computer can solve any of these problems.
- Complexity.
- Some problems are harder than others.
- Our CD sorting algorithm is O(n2). Better ones are
n log n
- To go through and print the name of each CD would be
n
- NP-complete problems
- Includes some useful problems, such as the shortest (or cheapest)
route to visit n cities.
- The NP-complete problems are thought to unsolvable better than
2n.
- This makes the pretty much impractical forever.