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Ch. 3: Networking
[^] Chapter Outlines
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<<Ch. 2: User Interface Ch. 4: HTML>>
  1. Networking and Society
    1. Remote places are connected.
    2. Opportunities to “meet” others far away.
    3. Computer interaction replaces other kinds.
    4. English becoming universal.
  2. Communication types.
    1. Synchronous (interactive) v. asynchronous (message).
      Not standard uses of the terms.
    2. Broadcast, multicast, point-to-point.
  3. Protocol.
    1. Rules both ends must follow to communicate correctly.
    2. Different classes of protocols govern different aspects of communication.
    3. Several can be in operation at once.
  4. Client and Server
    1. Client makes request.
    2. Server responds.
    3. Communication is over; server goes on to the next bit of work.
    4. The web works this way.
  5. The Internet.
    1. Interconnected computers.
    2. Addresses and naming.
      1. Each Internet computer has a numeric address, e. g., 64.246.212.32.
      2. Names are easier to use.
      3. Domain Name Service (DNS) converts.
      4. Names are hierarchical.
        1. For example, www.mc.edu.
        2. Each section is a subdivision.
        3. Names are looked up by a series of servers for the levels.
        4. Historic top-level: .com, .edu, .org, .net, .mil, .gov.
        5. National domains: .ca, .de, .us, etc.
        6. Newer domains: .biz, .info, .name, .pro, .aero, .coop, and .museum.
        7. More coming.
    3. TCP/IP
      1. Two primary Internet protocols.
      2. Information broken into small parts: packets.
      3. Packets have sequence numbers.
      4. Each packet is sent separately; may take different routes.
      5. Packets reassembled at receiver.

  6. LAN and WAN.
    1. Wide Area Network (WAN).
      1. Computers connected point-to-point.
      2. Messages are routed at each point.
      3. Traceroute
    2. Local Area Network (LAN).
      1. Connect within a building or small campus.
      2. All computers connected together.
      3. Each packet delivered to all.
      4. Share the channel.
      5. Ethernet is most common.
        1. Wait for quiet.
        2. Check for talking at once.
        3. If so, wait and try again.
      6. Wireless LANs
        1. Computers transmit packets by radio.
        2. Sharing protocol similar to Ethernet.
        3. A wireless hub.
          1. Transfers between wired and wireless.
          2. Forwards packets between clients.
  7. Connecting to the Internet.
    1. Large organizations: High-speed line to own LAN.
    2. Home: ISP.
      1. Dial-up modem.
      2. ADSL.
      3. Cable modem.
      4. Home LANs becoming more common.
  8. The World-Wide Web.
    1. World-Wide Web is part of the Internet.
    2. Clients request files from servers; servers send them.
    3. Universal Resource Locator (URL): http://www.mc.edu/campus/academics/CSC/
      1. Protocol, hostname, pathname. HTTP = Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
      2. Path is through folders to a file; must like a file path.
      3. The www is a convention.
    4. Redirection.
    5. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).
      1. Text and tags.
      2. Images are in separate files; own URLs.
CSPAN interview with Vint Cerf, one of the founders of the Internet.
<<Ch. 2: User Interface Ch. 4: HTML>>